15 Bald cypress
By James T. Midcapand Gary L.WadeUniversity of GeorgiaMost people think of bald cypress only in a swamp, growing ingroves with roots submerged in water and branches draped inSpanish moss. But you don’t have to live in a swamp to grow baldcypress.The swamp is its natural habitat. But the tree is surprisinglyadaptable to dry sites. Bald cypress is a native American treewith a wide growing range.It’s a common wetland plant from Delaware to Florida and fromIndiana to Texas. It has prehistoric roots in the evolution ofour planet and was likely a common species when dinosaurs roamedthe earth.Think bigBald cypress is a deciduous conifer. It grows to a large, statelytree, reaching 50 to 80 feet tall and 20 to 30 feet wide atmaturity. It’s best used in large, open spaces such as parks orlarge home landscapes.It’s often overlooked as a street tree, but it’s spectacular inclusters of three or more along a pond or lake. However, itslarge size may limit its use in small home landscapes.Bald cypress was one of the most highly rated trees among themore than 200 species in an Auburn University evaluation program.It’s a tough, widely adaptable tree. It naturally grows into anattractive, pyramidal form, too, that requires little pruning.The tree prefers sites in full sun. It adapts to both wet and drysoils but prefers soils that are acidic. Its soft-textured, flatneedles are 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch long, spiraling around thetwigs.The needles emerge yellow-green in spring and turn bright greenby summer. They turn bronze-orange in fall before they drop forthe winter.Always impressiveIt’s not ugly in the winter landscape, though. As the tree ages,the bark becomes fibrous and turns reddish-brown, making adramatic statement in the landscape.Male and female flowers form separately on the tree. The maleflowers are drooping panicles 4 to 5 inches long. Female flowersare more compressed along the stems and develop into round,1-inch cones that turn brown in fall.Cypress knees are vertical root extensions commonly seen on treessubmerged in water. They help the tree absorb oxygen. Knees don’tform on plants growing on upland sites.Bald cypress has a strong taproot system and is hard totransplant from the wild. It’s best planted from a container.Fertilize established trees on upland sites once in spring with acomplete fertilizer like 16-4-8 or 12-4-8. Don’t fertilize treesgrowing in standing water. The fertilizer may hurt the biology ofthe pond or lake.(Jim Midcap and Gary Wade are Extension Servicehorticulturists with the University of Georgia College ofAgricultural and Environmental Sciences.) Volume XXIXNumber 1Page 15